Uniform Fitment Factor recommended by 7th Pay Commission
Uniform Fitment Factor recommended by 7th Pay Commission
The existing PB-1, this index is 2.57, increasing to 2.62 for personnel in PB-2 and further to 2.67 from PB-3. The rationalised entry pay so arrived has been used in devising the new pay matrix.
The 7th Pay Commission recommended uniform fitment factor for all group of Central Government employees. The commission says that the fitment recommended by the VI CPC was in the form of grade pay. Any inconsistency in the computation of grade pay or in the spacing between pay bands has a direct bearing on the quantum of fitment benefit. Therefore, these issues have also been raised by numerous stakeholders. It has been demanded by a majority of the stakeholders that there should be a single fitment factor which should be uniformly applied for all employees.
The 6th CPC had mentioned that grade pay would be equivalent to 40 percent of the maximum of the pre-revised scale and that the grade pay will constitute the actual fitment, yet the computation varied greatly. After the implementation of recommendations, the difference became more pronounced in Pay Band 4 as compared to the other three pay bands. This resulted in varying fitment factors for various levels and promotional benefits that were perceived to be rather differentiated. The same pattern was discernible in the pension fixation too.
CHQ News.....
During the Course of visit to Directorate on 26th and 27th November 2015, General Secretary, Asst General Secretary-I and CHQ Treasurer met Hon’ble Secretary (Posts), DDG (Estt), Director (Estt), Director (SR), ADG (Estt), ADG (Staff) and many more officers in the Directorate. Member (P) and Director (Staff) were on leave.
The following issues were discussed with the officers.
1. Issue of combined seniority list of Inspector Posts cadre since 2001 onwards
The work of preparation of combined seniority list is said to be under process, but circle seniority lists from few circles are not received at Directorate. Directorate has already issued reminder to defaulting circles.
2. Issue of revised Recruitment Rules of PS Gr. B cadre
The query raised by UPSC is replied by Directorate.
3. Reduction of quota of General Line in PS Gr. B Examination from 6% to 3%
This issue is linked up with RR. Once RR of PS Gr. B finalised, then quota will be reduced.
4. Holding of DPC for the promotion the cadre Dy. Manager MMS
ACRs of eligible officers will be called for soon. Three posts are vacant.
5. Issue of revised Recruitment Rules for the post of Assistant Manager in MMS
File is under submission to UPSC.
6. Holding of PS Gr. B Examination for the year 2013, 2014 and 2015
Online examination will be held separately for each year by keeping sufficient gap between two examinations. RFP is not finalised. Question Bank not received from RANKPA. Reminders have already been issued.
7. Inter circle Rule 38 transfer cases of Inspector Posts cadre
Associations letter No. CHQ/IPASP/Agenda/2012 dated 7/7/2015 addressed to Member (P) forwarded to concerned circle by Directorate under Memo No. 13-4/2015-SPB-II dated 9th July 2015 with a direction to take necessary action.
8. Holding of periodical meeting with Hon’ble Secretary (Posts)
It is expected in last week of January 2016 or first week of February 2015.
9. Completion of appointment formalities of candidates nominated by Staff Selection Commission for appointment as Inspector Posts on the basis of Combined candidates Level Examination 2013
Concerned circle will speed up the issue and complete at the earliest.
10. Vigilance enquiry in the death case of Ms Mohini Gupta Ex-ASP Ajmer (Raj.)
Report called for from Rajasthan Circle is awaited. Reminders already sent.
11. Cadre restructuring of Inspector Posts cadre
This vital issue discussed at length keeping in view the recommendations given by 7CPC for our cadre.
Association requested to DOP in writing i.e. “In continuation to this Association’s letter of even number dated 16-06-2015, it is to intimate that the 7CPC has submitted their report to the Government of India on 19-11-2015.
In view of the above, the proposal submitted by this Association on the subject may kindly be kept in abeyance till implementation of recommendations of the 7CPC”.
12. Non consideration of candidature for PS Gr. B promotion
a) M. Chandrasekar, ASP Rajamundry Sub Division (AP)
Officers’ promotion to PS Gr. B cadre will considered in review DPC.
b) S. Prakash Rao, ASP Nizamabad (AP)
The recommendation of the DPC is kept in sealed cover.
13. DPC for the promotion to the cadre of JTS Gr. A for the year 2015-16
File is already sent to UPSC. Date for holding of DPC is awaited from UPSC
14. DPC for promotion to the cadre of PS Gr. B for year 2016-17
The names of the officers of Inspector Posts cadre from 1992 (excluding the names who selected in last DPC 2015-16) to 2000 will be communicated very soon to all circles with a direction to intimate the correct availability of incumbents by deleting the names of retired, promoted, expired etc. officers to carry out further DPCs smoothly.
15. Sr. PM cadre examination
Two court cases are still pending in Odisha circle. In both the cases, counter reply filed by department.
16. Other activities
Group discussion of the IPs and ASPs working in Directorate arranged on 26/11/2015. Very few members attended/participated and took part in the discussion. The grievances / suggestions / vies of the attendees noted down and will be taken up with the appropriate authority. Few of them will be discussed in detailed in ensuing AIC.
Only Shri P. Ajit Kumar ASP (RB) and AGS-I has paid his subscription to CHQ Treasurer. On enquiry with cash section it was told that no subscription of IPs / ASPs working in Directorate is lying at their end since last 6-7 years.
ADPS (Building) Delhi circle requested for minor repairing of accommodation provided to this Association at P&T Colony Civil Lines.
Govt to bring Bonus Act amendment bill
winter session to amend the Bonus Act, 1965, Prime Minister Narendra Modi told Parliament on Friday. Replying to the two-day special debate to mark the Constitution Day and Dr BR Ambedkar’s 125th birth anniversary, Modi said: “We are going to bring an important bill in this House to amend Bonus Act. The Cabinet has already approved it. This is a very important bill for our workers. We are taking decisions and working for welfare of the labour class.”
Bonus calculations :
The amendment bill seeks to enhance extent of coverage for payment of bonus from the existing wage limit of Rs 10,000 to Rs 21,000 per month as well as the calculation limit for payment of bonus from Rs 3,500 to Rs 7,000 per month.
The Union Cabinet had approved the amendment in the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 for the Industrial workers last month, making them eligible for the reward.
Source : http://www.deccanherald.com
Kudos to Mr. Harimohan ji ex-cs Punjab, Mr Suresh ji ex-President CHQ, Mr Vilas Ingle, GS, CHQ and Mr Parmanand ji, who pioneered and steered the ship of GP issue to its logical end !!!
It’s all the courageous acts of our stalwarts (both ex & present), who supported the GP issue through thick and thin.
- Be it the matter of support/motivation/encouragement provided by Punjab Circle particularly Mr Harimohan ji/Suresh ji to Mr Parmanand ji to pursue the matter through legal recourse.
- Be it the time to time reply / data preparation for arguments in CAT Case before the Ernakulam Bench.
- Be it the issue of filing another CAT case with support of Kerala Circle particularly Ajit Kurian and our CHQ warriors.
- Be it the tireless efforts of Mr Harimohan ji in providing continuous material facts/motivational backups against every issue raised and keeping the flame burning at the top.
- Be it the amount donated by our generous comrades for fighting the issue.
- Be it the Committee constituted at AIC Ahmedabad under dynamic leadership of Mr Suresh ji, Ex-President CHQ.
- Be it the spade work and indepth analytical preparation of Memorandum (PPT as well) for submission before 7th CPC on behalf of IP/ASP cadre, by the said Committee.
- Be it a candid discussion by Mr Vilas Ingle’s with CPC members in a meeting at Mumbai with ample support of alike warriors from TN and Maharashtra Circle.
- Be it Mr Rattan Chand CS HP Circle meeting with CPC members at Shimla and such like meetings held at various places.
Congratulations to all comrades, who worked tirelessly both upfront and behind the scenes in support of this Grade Pay issue. GP issue being the burning issue was largely discussed in each circle. Congratulations to all those who participated in it. At last, what we fought for, have been recommended by the 7th CPC. Hike of Rs.600/- to Gr B, Hike of Rs.200/- to ASP, Hike of Rs.400/- to IP cadre at entry level. Most significantly, pay parity with Inspectors of CBEC/CBDT.
Comrades, acceptance of Government is still required. Hopefully it would be accepted without any hitch. Now what essentially required is the date of implementation, which must be, in any manner, 1st January 2006 and nothing less than it.
Commemorative Stamps on Children's Day - 14th November 2015.
In India, Children's Day is celebrated on 14th November, the birthday of the country's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Jawaharlal Nehru, who was fondly called Chacha Nehru (Uncle Nehru) or Chachaji (Uncle) by the kids, emphasized the importance of giving love and affection to children, whom he saw as the bright future of India.
India Post issued two commemorative stamps in denomination of Rs. 25 and Rs.5 and a miniature sheet to mark Children's day on 14th November 2015. Department of Posts had organized Children’s Day 2015 Stamp Design Competition on the theme “A Day in the Rains” for selecting designs for the stamps to be released on the occasion of Children’s Day this year. From all over India about 38,200 entries were received. The designs on the stamps and miniature sheet are based on the prize-winning entries of Yamini K. (Student of St. Joseph Secondary School, Thalassery, Dist. Kannur, Kerala), Kimaya Gupta and Rohit Gupta have been selected for two stamps and miniature sheet. Designs of V. Hemchandran and Binita Vishwajita have been selected for First Day Cover and Brochure respectively.
EMS Operational Performance and Quality Improvement Workshop
Shri.
Jayant Daoo ASP, BD O/o Postmaster General, Nagpur Region,Nagpur is selected
to attend the EMS Operational
Performance and Quality Improvement Workshop from 16.11.2015 to 20.11.2015 at
the Asian-Pacific Postal College, Bangkok, Thailand.
All the Best to Shri. Jayant Daoo from all IPASP of
Maharastra Circle.
The 7th Pay Commission
NEW DELHI: The 7th Pay Commission will submit its report to Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Thursday recommending increase in remuneration of central government employees as well as pensioners.
"We are ready with the report and will submit it on November 19," the commission's chairman Justice A K Mathur told PTI.
The Commission was set up by the UPA government in February 2014 to revise remuneration of about 48 lakh central government employees and 55 lakh pensioners.
Its recommendations will also have a bearing on the salaries of the state government staff.
The Union Cabinet had extended the term of the panel in August by four months, till December.
Government constitutes the pay commission almost every 10 years to revise the pay scale of its employees and often these are adopted by states after some modifications.
As part of the exercise, the commission holds discussions with various stakeholders, including organisations, federations, groups representing civil employees as well as defence services.
The recommendations of the 7th Pay Commission are scheduled to take effect from January 1, 2016.
Besides the chairman, other members of the commission are Vivek Rae, a retired IAS officer of 1978 batch, and Rathin Roy, an economist. Meena Agarwal is secretary of the commission.
The 6th Pay Commission was implemented with effect from January 1, 2006; the 5th from 1 January 1996, and the 4th from January 1, 1986.
"We are ready with the report and will submit it on November 19," the commission's chairman Justice A K Mathur told PTI.
The Commission was set up by the UPA government in February 2014 to revise remuneration of about 48 lakh central government employees and 55 lakh pensioners.
Its recommendations will also have a bearing on the salaries of the state government staff.
The Union Cabinet had extended the term of the panel in August by four months, till December.
Government constitutes the pay commission almost every 10 years to revise the pay scale of its employees and often these are adopted by states after some modifications.
As part of the exercise, the commission holds discussions with various stakeholders, including organisations, federations, groups representing civil employees as well as defence services.
The recommendations of the 7th Pay Commission are scheduled to take effect from January 1, 2016.
Besides the chairman, other members of the commission are Vivek Rae, a retired IAS officer of 1978 batch, and Rathin Roy, an economist. Meena Agarwal is secretary of the commission.
The 6th Pay Commission was implemented with effect from January 1, 2006; the 5th from 1 January 1996, and the 4th from January 1, 1986.
7th CPC Minimum Wage 21000 and Fitment Formula from 2.86 to 3.15
7th CPC Minimum Wage 21000 and Fitment Formula from 2.86 to 3.15
Observance of All India protest day on 19th November 2015 & 7th CPC to submit its report shortly
Comrades
The Confederation and NJCA had given call for holding protest meetings from 2ndNovember 2015 to 6th November 2015 and also Observance of All India protest day on 19th November 2015 in respect of following demands.
Charter of Demands
1. Effect wage revision of Central Government employees from 1.12014 accepting the memorandum of the staff side JCM; ensure 5-year wage revision in future; grant interim relief and merger of 100% of DA. Ensure submission of the 7th CPC report with the stipulated time frame of 18 months; include Grameen Dak Sewaks within the ambit of the 7th CPC. Settle all anomalies of the 6th CPC.
2. No privatisation, PPP or FDI in Railways and Defence Establishments and no corporatisation of postal services;
3. No Ban on recruitment/creation of post.
4. Scrap PFRDA Act and re-introduce the defined benefit statutory pension scheme.
5. No outsourcing; contractorisation, privatization of governmental functions; withdraw the proposed move to close down the Printing Presses; the publication, form store and stationery departments and Medical Stores Depots; regularise the existing daily rated/casual and contract workers and absorption of trained apprentices;
6. Revive the JCM functioning at all levels as an effective negotiating forum for settlement of the demands of the CGEs.
7. Remove the arbitrary ceiling on compassionate appointments.
8. No labour reforms which are inimical to the interest of the workers.
9. Remove the Bonus ceiling;
10. Ensure five promotions in the service career.
There is a possibility of 7th CPC to submit its report on 20th November 2015 or 23rd November 2015 , but the report will not be to your expectations, The minimum wage taking into prices published by the Government of India shall come to Rs 26,000/-, considering the existing retail prices the minimum wages works out to Rs 28,000/- and fitment formula shall works out to 4.00 , but the minimum wage may be around Rs 21,000/ against the justified demand of Rs 28,000/- the fitment formula may be from 2.86 to 3.15 , also many other important demands of five promotion policy, Increment rate increase, retirement issues, pension issues etc.
We have to wait and watch the 7th CPC report will the 7th CPC accept the staff side demands or not.
We should not let down our struggle path I once again request one and all to participate in the All India protest day on 19th November 2015 at all places including the districts and send me the photos of protest meeting to publish on COC Karnataka website and this will send information to the Central Government on our demands.
Comradely yours
(P.S.Prasad)
General Secretary
Observance of All India protest day on 19th November 2015 – National Joint Council of Action
Observance of All India protest day on 19th November 2015 – NJCA
NJCA
National Joint Council of Action
4, State Entry Road, New Delhi – 110055
No. NJCA/2015
November 10, 2015
All Members of NJCA
Sub:- Observance of All India protest day on 19th November 2015
Dear Comrade,
All of you may recall that the NJCA in its meeting held on 30th September 2015 in Delhi after considering the delay in submission of the report of the 7th CPC as also broadly taking stock the speculating and detail deliberations, unanimously decided to defer the proposed Indefinite General Strike of the Central Government Employees till next Budget Session and symmetrically it was also resolve to observe 19th November 2015 as Joint Nation wise protest day to all the country to press upon the Government of India to resolve the long pending legitimate demands of all the Government Employees.
All of you are therefore accordingly requested to take all necessary steps to jointly observe protest day on 19th November 2015. As per decision taken by the NJCA in the said meeting the member of the NJCA shall stage one day Dharna at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on the said day.
Charter of Demands
1. Effect wage revision of Central Government employees from 1.12014 accepting the memorandum of the staff side JCM; ensure 5-year wage revision in future; grant interim relief and merger of 100% of DA. Ensure submission of the 7th CPC report with the stipulated time frame of 18 months; include Grameen Dak Sewaks within the ambit of the 7th CPC. Settle all anomalies of the 6th CPC.
2. No privatisation, PPP or FDI in Railways and Defence Establishments and no corporatisation of postal services;
3. No Ban on recruitment/creation of post.
4. Scrap PFRDA Act and re-introduce the defined benefit statutory pension scheme.
5. No outsourcing; contractorisation, privatization of governmental functions; withdraw the proposed move to close down the Printing Presses; the publication, form store and stationery departments and Medical Stores Depots; regularise the existing daily rated/casual and contract workers and absorption of trained apprentices;
6. Revive the JCM functioning at all levels as an effective negotiating forum for settlement of the demands of the CGEs.
7. Remove the arbitrary ceiling on compassionate appointments.
8. No labour reforms which are inimical to the interest of the workers.
9. Remove the Bonus ceiling;
10. Ensure five promotions in the service career.
Report of the protest may be forwarded to this office accordingly.
With best wishes for Diwali, Chat, Bhai Duj and Guru Parv.
Comradely yours,
(Shiva Gopal Mishra)
Convener
Source: Confederation
Revision of pension of pre-2006 Central Civil Pensioners and providing better service to pensioners
Revision of pension of pre-2006 Central Civil Pensioners and providing better service to pensioners.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF FINANCE
DEPARTMENT OF EXPENDITURE
CENTRAL PENSION ACCOUNTING OFFICE
TRIKOOT-ll, BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE,
NEW DELHI-110066
CPAO/IT & Tech/Revision Pre-2006/2015-16/ 1675
Dated: 30.10.2015
Office Memorandum
Subject :- Revision of pension of pre-2006 Central Civil Pensioners and providing better service to pensioners.
Consequent upon the implementation of 6th CPC, revision of pensions of Pre-2006 pensioners were made suo-moto by banks as per ready reckoner provided by Deptt. of Pensions & Pension Ers Welfare w.e.f. 01.01.2006. For regularizing these revisions and updating the records of Pension Sanctioning Authority, Pay & Accounts Office and Central Pension Accounting Office; Pension Payment Orders (SSA) were to be issued through proper channel i.e. Head of Office –> PAO –> CPAO –> Bank. But considerable number of pension cases are still pending for revision by Government for want of certain information like last pay drawn, scale of pay, qualifying service, date of birth, date of death, current pension account number, contact number etc. which are not readily available either with Pension Sanctioning Authority or with the Banks.
As the recommendations of the 7th CPC are due very shortly, it is imperative to settle all these pending cases before so that while implementing the recommendations of 7th CPC, pension may be revised expeditiously.
In this context, it is presumed that the Central Civil Pensioners’ Associations remain in touch with pensioners and they may facilitate in pursuing the pensioners to provide their latest addresses, telephone numbers, e-mail le while submitting their Life Certificates (Format of Life Certificate enclosed) to the bank in the month of November, 2015 so that the pensioners may be contacted to get the required information.
In view of the above, Secretaries of all Central Civil Pensioners’ Associations are requested to extend their support in making contact with pensioners and pursue them to provide the necessary information while submitting Life Certificates to enable us to serve them better.
Encl- As above
Vijay Singh
Sr. Accounts Officer (Tech)
Authority : http://cpao.nic.in/
Issue of revised Recruitment Rules of PS Gr. B Cadre and to reduce share of General Line officials from 6% to 3%…regarding
No. CHQ/AIAIPASP/CRC/2012 Dated : 7/11/2015
To,
Shri V. P. Singh,
Dy. Director General (P),
Department of Posts,
Dak Bhavan, Sansad Marg,
New Delhi 110 001.
Subject : Issue of revised Recruitment Rules of PS Gr. B Cadre and to reduce share of General Line officials from 6% to 3%…regarding
Ref. : Dte No. A.34012/01/2015-DE dated 15th January 2015
Respected Sir,
IP/ASP Association would like to invite your kind attention to its letters of even number dated 15/7/2013, 19/11/2013, 6/1/2014, 17/4/2014, 16/5/2014, 21/6/2014, 29/8/2014 and 9/3/2015 on the above captioned subject.
Sir, you are aware that this Association has been perusing through above cited letters to conduct LDCE for PS Gr. B for the year 2013, 2014 and 2015 separately only after revision of Recruitment Rules of PS Gr. B cadre and also reducing share of General Line officials from 6% to 3% in the examination quota.
It is once again bring to your kind notice that the clause 3.1.5 of DoPT OM No. AB-14017/48/2010-Estt (RR) dated 31st December 2010 provides revision in the Recruitment Rules once in 5 years with a view to effecting such changes as are necessary to bring them in conformity with the changed position, including additions to or reduction in the strength of the lower and higher level posts”.
This vital issue is pending for more than 2 years, and therefore it is requested to seriously bestow your kind attention and conduct the above said pending LDCEs only after reduction of share of General Line officials from 6% to 3% in the examination quota and to avoid further litigations etc.
With Deepawali greetings,
Yours sincerely,
Sd/-
(Vilas Ingale)
General Secretary
Complaints of pre-2006 retirees to be settled before implementing the 7th Pay Commission recommendations
Complaints of pre-2006 retirees to be settled before implementing the 7th Pay Commission recommendations
“Since the recommendations of the 7th Pay Commission are to be implemented soon, priority will be given to settle all the regularizing revison of pension for the pre-2006 pensioners, and clear them.”
Recently, the Central Pension Accounting Office (CPAO) had sent an official memorandum to all the Central Civil Pensioners Associations.
It was mentioned in the order that rapid action is being taken to revising the pension from 1.1.2006 and settle the pension-related issues of Central Government employees who had retired prior to 2006. Despite this, considerable number of pension cases of still pending for revision of pension have not yet been dealt with.
Some important information is required to make these revisions of pension. Due to non-availability of information like the pensioner’s last pay drawn, basic pay and scale, qualifying service, date of birth, date of demise, pension account number, and phone number, the work remains incomplete.
As per the 6th Pay Commission, pensions of all those employees who had retired before 2006 were revised from 01.01.2006 onwards, and a Ready Reckoner was sent to all the banks in order to calculate their pension. “7th Pay Commission soon to be implemented, to settle all these pending cases before so that while implementing the recommendatons of 7th pay commission, pension may be revised expeditiously. we request your cooperation to ensure that the benefits reach all the pensioners without any delay,” the letter to the associations said.
The letter further requested the associations to instruct its members to submit their Life Certificates before November 2015, and update the contact information with details like current address, phone number and email ID, so that it will be easier to contact them or provide them with all the updates.
The secretaries and office-bearers of all the Central Civil Pensioners’ Associations have been asked to take steps to ensure that the members submit their Life Certificates to their banks and help address their complaints.
E-Commerce Resuscitates Moribund India Post, World's Largest Postal System
At a time when online retail is booming, India Post’s wide reach, its well-entrenched network and a huge team of 150,000 postmen are proving to be reliable delivery partners in a logistics-starved country. The system is particularly useful to meet growing demand in rural and semi-rural markets where online shopping has begun to take off.
“India Post’s zip code coverage of tier 3 and tier 4 locations is unmatched,” says Vishal Sharma, vice president of operations at Shopclues, headquartered in Gurgaon outside New Delhi. Within a year of partnering with the postal system, India Post already handles a tenth of Shopclues deliveries. “About two-thirds of these deliveries are in areas where no other logistics providers exist,” says Sharma.
It is true that 90% of India Post’s post offices, nearly 140,000 of them, are located in rural India which are barely serviced by private logistics providers who prefer to operate in urban centers. A lack of reliable logistics infrastructure in rural India is proving a challenge for many online retailers. Building infrastructure from scratch to serve vast geographies is economically non-viable.
Enter the torpid postal system which appears to be galvanized and has introduced such services as same-day and next-day deliveries in some zip codes. It has set up 48 modern delivery centers to handle ecommerce, including a massive one in Mumbai, India’s financial capital. India Post’s cash-on-delivery(COD, as it is called) offering launched about two years ago is proving to be a big hit with the sector.
C
ash-on-delivery is a popular mode of payment in India where buyers – a large segment of India – shell out cash only after their shopping arrives at the doorstep rather than pay in advance with a credit or debit card. COD is particularly handy for hundreds of millions of Indians who do not own credit or debit cards and who would otherwise be left out of the online retail boom.
The sluggish India Post has long been symbolized by a cross bag-toting man riding a rickety bicycle delivering letters at an unhurried pace. But such deliveries have dwindled with the advent of mobile phones and the internet. Now, e-commerce has sparked a revival of fortunes and India Post saw a 37% rise in revenues in package deliveries last year, compared with a 2% fall the year before. This is still a sedate pace considering online retail is expected to see three-fold growth this year.
So, India Post has scope for massive expansion but challenges remain. Online retailers demand real-time visibility into deliveries and cash collection which the government-owned company does not have the technology to provide. “Communication is key in all stages of the delivery cycle to the customer and India Post is investing in technology to bridge the many gaps in its system,” says Ankur Bisen, a senior vice president for retail and consumer products at retail consultancy firm, Technopak.
Then there are the practical challenges. “How does a postman on a bicycle deliver a television set to a remote village?” asks Bisen. The government-run firm needs to enhance its last-mile delivery capabilities as well as its payment systems. “If they do, India Post could transform to become market leaders in e-commerce deliveries in the way state-owned postal companies in Germany and the United Kingdom have,” he said.
Source : forbes.com
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